Alfred Hitchcock explains this process in detail here. Shot of the man’s face + food = Expresses Hunger. Shot of the man’s face + the young child = Expresses Tenderness Shot of the man’s face + the dead woman = Expresses Sorrow
However, the expression in the face of the man remained the same in all the shots. In the experiment here, Kuleshov demonstrated how an identical shot of an actor appeared after each of these shots: a dead woman, a child, and a dish of soup. Through the following experiment he formulated how editing helps to create nonliteral meaning. He was a Russian and Soviet filmmaker and film theorist. The three key figures who pioneered this concept are:
Metric montage meaning series#
According to them a montage is an arrangement of a series of shots that creates a sense and meaning derived exclusively from their juxtaposition. This is known as the Soviet Montage Movement. In the former Soviet Union in the 1920s, various filmmakers and theorists came forward with various forms of editing techniques to express certain social and political ideas. In the opening of The Tree of Life (2011), the montage artistically introduces us to the Brian family in the 1960s by weaving visual metaphors. They have utilized this technique to make their film more eclectic, energetic and exhibiting a mixture of classical continuity and more abrupt collage-like editing styles.
Over the years of filmmaking, montage has been broken down by filmmakers in various creative ways. Thus, the new sequence that is created generates a new meaning for the viewers. This editing technique helps condense the narrative into a brief episode of screen time. We've seen it a million times in films, from Requiem of a Dream to Trainspotting, but they also work well to express paranoia, anxiety, and more.The word montage is derived from the French verb which means “to assemble or put together.” The process of montage involves a series of edits that shows an event or events that happen over time. The first thing that comes to mind when I think of this kind of montage is the experience of someone under the influence of an illicit substance. You can cut shots together to create a sequence that speaks to the mental state of a character. It's all about nuance, highlighting the subtleties of life in a poetic way to elicit some kind of emotion. It's easy to marvel at the magnificence of a galaxy, the Grand Canyon, or Buckingham Palace, but this kind of montage is powerful because it focuses on the grandeur of small details: an eyelash, a person looking through a photo album, or dirty dishes in the sink. Amélie does this beautifully when it cuts together shots of random Parisians having orgasms, because it reveals the overall state of love and sex in an entire city. Instead of zooming into one thing, like a relationship or experience, we're zooming out to see something that's bigger than the sum of its parts. Video is no longer available: "Boiling up"
Even if you only see several short clips from a character's experience, you will be able to understand the entire thing as a whole based on the tone each one of them carries. Kind of vague, I know, but think of films that boil an entire relationship down to small snapshots from their time together, like in Annie Hall, or a road trip in which you only see the highlights.
This is a theory that essentially says that if given small bits and pieces, we will form them into a complete whole. By editing them together you're able to not only introduce your audience to the worlds they live in, but you're able to compare the two, setting up a possible conflict that you can get into later on in the story. Imagine the morning routine of a wealthy heiress and her maid - extremely different. This kind of montage switches between images in an attempt to compare and contrast them. This can make each more dynamic too, so if you need to ramp up the energy, this is a good way to do it. So, instead of giving each storyline its own independent sequence which could be minutes long, you can cut them together to create a sequence that only lasts seconds. Montages help to cut time down, and one way to do that is to combine storylines in your film.
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